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Unique geological samples reveal insights into the formation of the Antarctic ice sheet

Global warming accelerates Antarctic ice melt, particularly in West Antarctica. Researchers reveal 34-million-year-old ice formation began in East Antarctica.
Recovery of unique geological samples sheds light on formation of today's Antarctic ice sheet

Global warming has accelerated the melting of Antarctic ice sheets, especially in West Antarctica. An international research team led by the Alfred Wegener Institute discovered that this discrepancy could be due to the formation of these ice sheets.

Sediment samples from drill cores, combined with climate and ice-sheet modeling, show that permanent glaciation in Antarctica began around 34 million years ago, initially in East Antarctica. The ice did not advance towards West Antarctica until at least 7 million years later, as detailed in their study published in Science.

Around 34 million years ago, Earth experienced a climate shift from a greenhouse world to an icehouse world, influencing current global climate conditions. However, the onset of glaciation in Antarctica has been ambiguous due to limited data, especially from West Antarctica.

Researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute, British Antarctic Survey, Heidelberg University, Northumbria University, and MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, among others, closed this knowledge gap. They used a drill core retrieved with the MARUM-MeBo70 seafloor drill rig offshore the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers. This core showed no evidence of ice during the initial glaciation phase.

“Permanent glaciation must have started in East Antarctica,” said Dr. Johann Klages, geologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute. West Antarctica remained ice-free during this phase, covered by dense forests and a cool-temperate climate.

East and West Antarctica Response Differences

AWI paleoclimate modelers used new data alongside existing temperature and ice occurrence data to understand where the first permanent ice formed. The simulation supported the core findings, revealing that initial ice formation occurred in East Antarctica’s Northern Victoria Land, where moist air masses reached the Transantarctic Mountains.

“About seven million years later, conditions allowed ice to advance to West Antarctica,” explained Hanna Knahl, paleoclimate modeler at AWI. These findings show how differently East and West Antarctica respond to climatic changes.

“Even slight warming can cause West Antarctic ice to melt again, which is our current scenario,” added Klages.

Using New Technology for Insights

The knowledge gap was bridged using a unique drill core retrieved during the 2017 Polarstern expedition in West Antarctica. The MARUM-MeBo70 drill rig, used for the first time in Antarctica, successfully drilled into the seabed off West Antarctica’s Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, retrieving valuable samples.

More information: J. P. Klages, Ice sheet-free West Antarctica during peak early Oligocene glaciation, Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adj3931

Original Story at phys.org

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COP29 Ends Amidst Criticism Over Loopholes and Disunity


The United Nations’ 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) concluded with widespread criticism over perceived loopholes and a lack of unity among participating nations. Environmental experts and activists expressed concerns that the agreements reached may be insufficient to address the escalating climate crisis.



Despite initial optimism, the conference, held in Bonn, Germany, was marked by intense debates and disagreements. Key issues included carbon emission reduction targets and financial commitments to developing countries. Many attendees felt these discussions fell short of meaningful progress. Learn more about the UN’s climate change efforts here.



A significant point of contention was the establishment of clear guidelines for monitoring and reporting emissions. Critics argue that the absence of stringent measures allows countries to exploit loopholes, undermining global efforts to curb climate change. The lack of consensus on this issue highlights the challenges in achieving cohesive international action.



Some developing nations voiced frustration over inadequate financial support from wealthier countries, which they argue is essential for implementing sustainable practices and mitigating climate impacts. This financial gap remains a major obstacle, fueling discontent and hampering collaborative efforts. Explore the Green Climate Fund’s role in supporting climate action.



Meanwhile, environmental groups emphasized the need for immediate and robust action, warning that delays could have catastrophic implications. They called for greater transparency and accountability in future agreements, urging nations to prioritize the planet’s health over economic interests.



As COP29 ends, the international community faces the challenge of bridging divides and enhancing cooperation to effectively combat climate change. Stakeholders are now looking ahead to future conferences, hoping for more decisive action and unity.

November 22, 2024

Mississippi River Faces Persistent Saltwater Intrusion, Region Seeks Long-Term Solutions



For the third consecutive year, the Mississippi River is experiencing significant saltwater intrusion, prompting local communities and environmental experts to search for sustainable solutions. This recurring issue arises as the river’s flow decreases, allowing saltwater to move upstream and threaten drinking water supplies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is actively involved in addressing this problem, employing temporary measures like saltwater barriers to mitigate the impact on affected areas.



Saltwater infiltration poses serious risks to public health and agriculture, as freshwater sources become compromised. The situation is exacerbated by prolonged periods of drought, which have reduced freshwater flow in the Mississippi River. According to the National Weather Service, drought conditions have worsened due to climate change, increasing the frequency and severity of saltwater intrusion events.



Local authorities are collaborating with federal agencies to explore permanent solutions. Among the proposed strategies are enhanced levee systems and improved water management techniques. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is evaluating the feasibility of long-term infrastructure projects to prevent further saltwater encroachment. Additionally, community leaders are advocating for increased funding to support these initiatives and safeguard the region’s water resources.



The impact of saltwater intrusion extends beyond drinking water concerns, affecting local ecosystems and agricultural productivity. Farmers in the region have reported crop damage due to elevated salinity levels in irrigation water. The Natural Resources Conservation Service is working with farmers to implement adaptive practices, such as planting salt-tolerant crops and improving soil management techniques.



As the Mississippi River continues to face challenges from saltwater intrusion, stakeholders emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and innovative solutions. The ongoing threat underscores the need for comprehensive planning and investment to protect one of America’s most vital waterways from the impacts of climate change and environmental stressors.

November 19, 2024



Environmental activists have raised concerns over the fossil fuel sector’s significant impact on COP29, the latest United Nations Climate Change Conference. Activists argue that the industry’s presence diverts focus from critical climate actions.



The conference, designed to promote global climate agreements, faces criticism for allowing fossil fuel companies to participate extensively. Environmental groups claim these companies undermine efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.



According to Climate Action Network, fossil fuel representatives have increased their lobbying activities, aiming to weaken climate policies. These industries allegedly influence negotiations, leading to watered-down commitments that fail to address the urgency of climate change effectively.



Experts suggest that the influence of these companies stems from financial contributions and longstanding relationships with decision-makers. Critics argue that this affects the conference’s ability to enforce meaningful climate change regulations.



During the event, several protests highlighted the need for transparency and a stronger focus on sustainable energy solutions. Activists are calling for increased participation of renewable energy stakeholders in future conferences.



The controversy surrounding fossil fuel involvement at COP29 underscores the ongoing challenge of balancing industrial interests with the global imperative to combat climate change.



November 19, 2024