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Lithium, a Key Clean Energy Mineral, Found in Surprising Quantities in Pennsylvania’s Fracking Wastewater

Pennsylvania's Fracking Wastewater

Wastewater from Pennsylvania Natural Gas Wells Could Contain Vital Lithium Supply

In 2007, geoscientist Terry Engelder from Penn State University estimated that Pennsylvania might house over 50 trillion cubic feet of extractable natural gas deposits. His revised figure projected up to 489 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, enough to fulfill U.S. demand for almost two decades. This discovery prompted Pennsylvania’s fracking boom, resulting in around 13,000 unconventional wells drilled across the state.

Lithium in Wastewater

A recent revelation by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has caught the gas industry’s eye. Their study indicates that wastewater from these unconventional wells might contain enough lithium to contribute to 38%-40% of U.S. lithium consumption. This crucial mineral is the backbone for many clean energy technologies, including electric vehicle batteries.

Source of Lithium

The study utilized chemical and production compliance data from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. This data estimated the extraction of roughly 1,160 metric tons of lithium annually from the produced water. This water is a blend of fracking fluids and water from underground natural formations that surface during drilling. The presence of lithium in this water likely originates from past volcanic eruptions taking place when the natural gas deposits formed.

Justin Mackey, the study’s lead investigator, said, “Sometimes you might be surprised where that material actually comes from.” He explained that the U.S. research community is tirelessly seeking materials and methods to achieve climate goals and decarbonize the economy.

Industry Response

The Marcellus Shale Coalition, an industry trade group, responded positively to the news. The organization stated that this scientific analysis reaffirms how the abundant natural gas in Pennsylvania can enhance America’s energy, environmental, and national security.

Currently, the U.S. relies on lithium imports from Argentina, Chile, and China. With the accelerating shift towards clean energy, the demand for lithium is expected to soar.

Strategic Importance of Lithium

Research Geochemist at NETL, Mackey, stated that he focused on lithium due to its strategic importance for the American economy and defense industries, and its insecure supply chains. “We’re reliant on foreign entities like China and Chile and Australia to source these raw materials, but they’re critical to our economies,” he said. “And more importantly, they’re critical to decarbonizing the U.S. automotive fleet.”

The researchers found that the highest concentrations of lithium in the Marcellus are comparable to lithium brine, which is actively mined for lithium. Mackey optimistically said, “I think having more domestic sources of lithium is definitely a positive thing, especially if you don’t have to create a mine to exploit the resource.”

Skepticism and Concerns

Despite the potential benefits, experts have raised concerns about the economic feasibility of extracting lithium from wastewater on a large scale and the environmental and public health impacts this process could have.

John Quigley, a fellow at the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, stated that the costs of extracting lithium in this manner are unknown, and this includes the challenges of processing and transporting wastewater across vast land areas. He emphasized that while extracting lithium may prove cost-effective, it should not justify continued drilling.

Currently, Eureka Resources in Pennsylvania is working on lithium extraction from wastewater. In 2023, the company announced successful extraction of “97 percent pure lithium carbonate” from wastewater and plans to implement this process into its Pennsylvania facilities in the coming years.

Concluding Remarks

As Pennsylvania moves forward, it must heed historical lessons. The state’s energy extraction history is marred by long-term, unintended consequences triggered by rapid technological advancements. Quigley added a note of caution, “A stampede toward lithium at all costs is not a smart move for the country. And certainly not for Pennsylvania.”

Original Story at insideclimatenews.org

Trending News

Mississippi River Faces Persistent Saltwater Intrusion, Region Seeks Long-Term Solutions



For the third consecutive year, the Mississippi River is experiencing significant saltwater intrusion, prompting local communities and environmental experts to search for sustainable solutions. This recurring issue arises as the river’s flow decreases, allowing saltwater to move upstream and threaten drinking water supplies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is actively involved in addressing this problem, employing temporary measures like saltwater barriers to mitigate the impact on affected areas.



Saltwater infiltration poses serious risks to public health and agriculture, as freshwater sources become compromised. The situation is exacerbated by prolonged periods of drought, which have reduced freshwater flow in the Mississippi River. According to the National Weather Service, drought conditions have worsened due to climate change, increasing the frequency and severity of saltwater intrusion events.



Local authorities are collaborating with federal agencies to explore permanent solutions. Among the proposed strategies are enhanced levee systems and improved water management techniques. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is evaluating the feasibility of long-term infrastructure projects to prevent further saltwater encroachment. Additionally, community leaders are advocating for increased funding to support these initiatives and safeguard the region’s water resources.



The impact of saltwater intrusion extends beyond drinking water concerns, affecting local ecosystems and agricultural productivity. Farmers in the region have reported crop damage due to elevated salinity levels in irrigation water. The Natural Resources Conservation Service is working with farmers to implement adaptive practices, such as planting salt-tolerant crops and improving soil management techniques.



As the Mississippi River continues to face challenges from saltwater intrusion, stakeholders emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and innovative solutions. The ongoing threat underscores the need for comprehensive planning and investment to protect one of America’s most vital waterways from the impacts of climate change and environmental stressors.

November 19, 2024



Environmental activists have raised concerns over the fossil fuel sector’s significant impact on COP29, the latest United Nations Climate Change Conference. Activists argue that the industry’s presence diverts focus from critical climate actions.



The conference, designed to promote global climate agreements, faces criticism for allowing fossil fuel companies to participate extensively. Environmental groups claim these companies undermine efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.



According to Climate Action Network, fossil fuel representatives have increased their lobbying activities, aiming to weaken climate policies. These industries allegedly influence negotiations, leading to watered-down commitments that fail to address the urgency of climate change effectively.



Experts suggest that the influence of these companies stems from financial contributions and longstanding relationships with decision-makers. Critics argue that this affects the conference’s ability to enforce meaningful climate change regulations.



During the event, several protests highlighted the need for transparency and a stronger focus on sustainable energy solutions. Activists are calling for increased participation of renewable energy stakeholders in future conferences.



The controversy surrounding fossil fuel involvement at COP29 underscores the ongoing challenge of balancing industrial interests with the global imperative to combat climate change.



November 19, 2024