COP29 Ends Amidst Criticism Over Loopholes and Disunity

Finance goals remain unmet, fossil-friendly language infiltrates drafts, and socioeconomic tensions persist at COP29.
Protestors at COP29 hold a sign that says "Pay Up for Adaptation"

Finance Goals Unmet, Fossil Fuel Debate Persists, Socioeconomic Tensions Rise at COP29

Protestors at COP29 hold a sign that says "Pay Up for Adaptation"

Negotiators from developing countries at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan, expressed frustration over the lack of adaptation prioritization by developed nations. This conference echoes the 2018 COP in Katowice, Poland, both held in coal-reliant cities. Despite ongoing climate disasters like California wildfires and historic flooding in Sudan and Spain, progress on climate pledges remains stalled.

The draft text released today at COP29 provides less than a quarter of the necessary financing from wealthy nations to aid poorer countries in climate adaptation and green transitions. Notably, much of this funding includes loans, risking debt crises in vulnerable nations and undermining global climate finance trust.

A “Finance” COP in Name Only

COP29’s focus on a “new collective quantified goal” (NCQG) aims to secure annual funding from developed nations for developing countries’ green transitions. However, negotiations are strained due to unmet past promises, such as the 2009 pledge of $100 billion annually in climate finance, only achieved in 2022. The urgency to meet the 2015 Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C target is met with demands for trillions in grants, while developed nations hesitate to commit beyond billions.

Tensions flared during a press conference when Uganda and Bolivia representatives dismissed a $200 billion climate finance target as unrealistic. The NCQG draft highlights the need for nearly $7 trillion by 2030 for greener economies, yet offers only $250 billion annually, with loans included.

Fossil Fuel Concerns

Despite the necessity of transitioning to clean energy, fossil fuel discussions were absent this year. Instead, the NCQG draft omits fossil fuel finance, leaving the door open for future investment. Andreas Sieber from 350.org criticized the potential mislabeling of fossil fuel finance as climate finance.

The conference also saw the adoption of Article 6.4, establishing a UN body for the voluntary carbon market, sparking concerns over unresolved issues. Carbon Market Watch’s Khaled Diab criticized the hasty decision-making process. The NCQG’s inclusion of carbon markets as potential finance contributors has alarmed experts.

US Stance

The US presence at COP29 appeared subdued, with a smaller delegation compared to other nations and a modest pavilion. Critics argue the US’s climate finance baseline of $100 billion is insufficient. The US’s focus on expanding the contributor base beyond developed nations is viewed as shifting responsibility away from major emitters.

A senior US official emphasized the ambition required for the $250 billion goal, while Rachel Cleetus from the Union of Concerned Scientists criticized the draft’s inadequacy in meeting Paris Agreement commitments.

Uncertain Future

As COP29 nears its end, uncertainty looms over the adoption of the text and potential revisions. Negotiations are likely to extend beyond the scheduled conclusion.

 

Original Story at www.sierraclub.org