As electric vehicles continue to grow in popularity, a groundbreaking technology is emerging that allows these cars to do more than just drive. Researchers at the University of California, Irvine, are pioneering the “vehicle-to-home” technology, enabling electric cars to supply power to homes, which could be a game-changer during power outages and peak electricity pricing.
Dr. Kate Forrest, a senior scientist at UCI’s Advanced Power and Energy Program, is at the forefront of this innovative project currently being tested in Menifee, California. She describes the “vehicle-to-home” feature as a novel capability for electric vehicles, allowing them to deliver electricity back to a residence. This process requires the electric vehicle to be equipped with specific hardware and software, coupled with a bidirectional charger that facilitates the energy transfer to the home.
The timing of this project is crucial. Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) recently issued a warning to 70,000 customers in Northern and Central California about possible Public Safety Power Shutoffs as a preventive measure against wildfires. Dr. Forrest noted that while “vehicle-to-home” technology is invaluable during such outages, it also provides everyday financial benefits by reducing electricity costs.
Forrest elaborated on the financial advantages, explaining that many areas now implement time-of-use utility rates, where electricity is more expensive during peak hours, typically from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. By scheduling the electric car to discharge during these high-cost periods, homeowners can minimize or even eliminate their reliance on utility electricity during peak times. Conversely, vehicles can be recharged during less expensive off-peak hours, ensuring they’re ready for daily use.
However, the widespread adoption of this technology remains in its infancy. Forrest acknowledged the limited number of current vehicles with this capability but noted optimistic projections for the future. “As we look out to 2027, we already see some major announcements of vehicle manufacturers planning this for their 2027 lineup,” she stated, highlighting Kia’s EV9 and Wallbox Quasar II as examples in her current work. Other manufacturers, including Hyundai, GM, and Tesla, are also exploring this promising technology.
For consumers, the decision will hinge on whether they prefer a system geared towards backup power or one that offers grid-connected discharging. Forrest is confident that “vehicle-to-home” will soon become more prevalent, not only due to technical advancements but also as regulatory frameworks evolve. Utilities are beginning to develop processes to ensure safe and approved connections between cars and homes.
Dr. Forrest concluded with optimism about the technology’s future, stating, “All that combined, we’ll see it become much more commonplace.” As more manufacturers and charger companies enter the market, deploying this technology will become increasingly straightforward.
Rate Structure Example
From June through September, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) utilized a weekday rate structure where peak rates were more than double those of off-peak hours:
- Peak Hours ($0.3765 / kWh) 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
- Mid-Peak Hours ($0.2139 / kWh) 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.
- Off-Peak Hours ($0.1550 / kWh) 12:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.
Click here to learn more about UC Irvine’s Advanced Power and Energy Program.
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