As universities strive to minimize their environmental impact, transportation emerges as a crucial area for improvement. By adopting greener solutions like electric vehicles (EVs) and enhancing battery performance, universities can significantly reduce their carbon footprint. However, the success of these initiatives largely depends on operational strategies and the technology employed.
A pilot study conducted at Aditya University explored the use of a 10-seater electric vehicle with lead-acid batteries, providing valuable insights for universities aiming to make their transportation systems more sustainable and efficient.
1. Enhancing Electric Vehicle Efficiency with Lead-Acid Batteries
Electric vehicles hold the potential to transform campus transportation into a more eco-friendly system. However, their advantages can diminish if the fleet is not managed effectively. During a 12-day pilot study, researchers tested a 10-seater EV equipped with a three-year-old lead-acid battery. Although lead-acid batteries are popular in certain regions due to their lower initial cost, they offer less energy and have shorter lifespans compared to modern lithium-ion batteries.
For universities utilizing lead-acid batteries, three critical strategies can enhance sustainability:
Monitor Battery Performance
Key data points such as distance traveled, battery usage, and energy output were monitored daily. This regular assessment helps identify potential issues early, ensuring smooth operation and preventing unexpected failures. This approach is applicable to various EV sizes, including smaller vehicles such as cars.
Adjust Driving and Load Management
The study found that driving habits significantly impact battery discharge rates. Universities should promote consistent driving speeds and minimize idling to prevent rapid battery depletion. Additionally, optimizing the vehicle’s load can prolong battery life without compromising performance.
Improve Charging Methods
Matching charging cycles with vehicle usage is crucial. A nine-hour charge at 20 amps and 48 volts was identified as optimal for the tested battery. Proper charging prevents issues such as overcharging, which can cause heat damage and reduce lifespan, and undercharging, which can lead to sulphation and decreased efficiency over time.
2. Advancing Battery Solutions for Future-Ready EV Fleets
Though lead-acid batteries are favored for their cost-effectiveness, the study highlighted their limitations, such as lower energy density and quicker depletion under heavy loads. To ensure long-term sustainability, universities should explore alternatives like lithium-ion batteries, which, despite higher upfront costs, offer greater energy efficiency, longer lifespans, and reduced maintenance expenses.
- Collaborate for Advanced Materials: Partnering with research institutions can lead to the development of advanced materials that enhance lead-acid battery performance, increasing energy density and extending lifespan.
- Transition to Lithium-Ion or Other Alternatives: Although initially more expensive, lithium-ion batteries provide longer lifespans and improved energy efficiency. Universities should consider gradually transitioning to these or other advanced technologies such as solid-state or sodium-ion batteries.
3. Expanding Campus Sustainability Efforts
Sustainability extends beyond transportation, encompassing areas like energy management and waste reduction. Applying principles of optimization and efficiency can enhance campus-wide environmental initiatives.
- Develop Integrated Green Infrastructure: Implementing renewable energy-powered EV charging stations, such as those utilizing solar panels, can bolster campus sustainability efforts, significantly reducing environmental impact.
- Encourage Campus-Wide Behavioral Change: Promoting sustainable transportation options, such as campus-provided EVs, carpooling, or cycling, alongside energy-efficient practices in student accommodations, can foster a culture of responsibility.
Universities play a pivotal role in global sustainability efforts by optimizing campus transport systems. The insights gained from studying lead-acid battery performance in EVs provide a foundation for advancing green transport solutions. While the research was conducted within the department of mining engineering, its findings have interdisciplinary relevance, particularly in energy optimization and sustainable transportation. Interdisciplinary approaches can further enhance these efforts.
Abhishek Kumar Tripathi is an assistant professor in the department of mining engineering at Aditya University, Surampalem, India.
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Original Story at www.timeshighereducation.com