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Nine Years Post-Paris Agreement: UN Addresses Global Shortcomings in Greenhouse Gas Reduction

Ahead of COP29, three reports warn of potentially catastrophic 3°C warming, far from the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C goal.
The 2024 U.N. climate summit, COP29, is set to take place this month in Baku, Azerbaijan. Credit: Jakub Porzycki/NurPhoto via Getty Images

From our collaborating partner, Living on Earth, public radio’s environmental news magazine, an interview by Jenni Doering with Bob Berwyn, who covers climate science and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for Inside Climate News.

As the world gears up for the United Nations climate treaty summit, COP29 in Azerbaijan, a series of scientific reports warns of a potential 3 degrees Celsius rise in temperatures above pre-industrial levels.

This projection starkly contrasts with the 1.5 degrees Celsius target set by the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015.

Experiencing 1.3 degrees of warming, we face more severe storms, heatwaves, and rising sea levels.

Achieving the Paris target requires halving global emissions by 2030, a goal yet unmet.

The ongoing use of fossil fuels and forest loss has led to record-high greenhouse gas emissions, with treaty plans only aiming for a 2.6 percent reduction.

Bob Berwyn, reporting on climate negotiations for Inside Climate News, outlines the challenges of meeting the Paris Agreement goals. This interview has been condensed for clarity.

BOB BERWYN: We now need annual reductions of about 7.5 percent, a target we’ve yet to approach. Each year without progress makes the necessary cuts more substantial. Notably, UN officials have acknowledged that the 1.5-degree target might be unattainable.

JENNI DOERING: The 2.5 percent emissions reduction projected by 2030 poses questions about which countries are leading the charge.

BERWYN: Europe stands out, having cut emissions by approximately 32.5 percent since 1990, aiming for a 40 to 50 percent reduction by 2030. They’ve even considered more ambitious targets.

The U.S. has reduced emissions by about 17 percent from 1990 levels, peaking in 2007. While some developed nations make progress, it’s insufficient for global goals. The EU, U.S., and China represent significant global emissions. Under the Paris Agreement, countries aren’t required to reduce emissions equally. Developed countries, historically the largest polluters, must make significant cuts first, per the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

DOERING: Given the gap between current emissions and the 1.5-degree target, some might question the UNFCCC’s relevance. What’s your perspective?

BERWYN: Despite challenges, the UNFCCC process led to the Paris Agreement, with 198 countries acknowledging its importance. At COP28, transitioning away from fossil fuels was addressed—a significant step. Studies suggest emissions might be higher without ongoing global talks since the 1990s.

Even after the Kyoto Protocol’s collapse, Europe pursued its goals, showcasing persistence’s benefits. However, the climate crisis demands urgency, and settling for a 2-degree target could delay necessary actions.

DOERING: One report suggests we may exceed the 1.5-degree limit. What are the implications?

BERWYN: Scientific discussions continue regarding impacts at different warming levels. Small temperature increases, such as between 1.5 and 1.6 degrees, can significantly worsen weather events. As warming increases incrementally, these effects are magnified.

Every fraction of a degree matters, so stopping warming at 1.6 or 1.7 degrees, if not 1.5, remains critical.

DOERING: With the U.S. presidential election approaching, how might international climate efforts be affected?

BERWYN: Reactions vary globally. European allies, sharing climate policies, are concerned about U.S. election outcomes. A Republican win might increase emissions, while a Democratic win could continue reductions.

Some regions, like parts of Africa, feel less impacted by U.S. policies, viewing domestic strategies as minimal. The world is accustomed to shifts in U.S. climate policy, as seen with the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol.

The global climate initiative will persist, though potentially delayed by U.S. non-participation. The world recognizes the urgency of transitioning beyond fossil fuels, risking U.S. isolation if it lags.

DOERING: Bob Berwyn with Inside Climate News, based in Austria, thank you for your insights.

BERWYN: You’re welcome.

Original Story at insideclimatenews.org

Trending News

Mississippi River Faces Persistent Saltwater Intrusion, Region Seeks Long-Term Solutions



For the third consecutive year, the Mississippi River is experiencing significant saltwater intrusion, prompting local communities and environmental experts to search for sustainable solutions. This recurring issue arises as the river’s flow decreases, allowing saltwater to move upstream and threaten drinking water supplies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is actively involved in addressing this problem, employing temporary measures like saltwater barriers to mitigate the impact on affected areas.



Saltwater infiltration poses serious risks to public health and agriculture, as freshwater sources become compromised. The situation is exacerbated by prolonged periods of drought, which have reduced freshwater flow in the Mississippi River. According to the National Weather Service, drought conditions have worsened due to climate change, increasing the frequency and severity of saltwater intrusion events.



Local authorities are collaborating with federal agencies to explore permanent solutions. Among the proposed strategies are enhanced levee systems and improved water management techniques. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is evaluating the feasibility of long-term infrastructure projects to prevent further saltwater encroachment. Additionally, community leaders are advocating for increased funding to support these initiatives and safeguard the region’s water resources.



The impact of saltwater intrusion extends beyond drinking water concerns, affecting local ecosystems and agricultural productivity. Farmers in the region have reported crop damage due to elevated salinity levels in irrigation water. The Natural Resources Conservation Service is working with farmers to implement adaptive practices, such as planting salt-tolerant crops and improving soil management techniques.



As the Mississippi River continues to face challenges from saltwater intrusion, stakeholders emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and innovative solutions. The ongoing threat underscores the need for comprehensive planning and investment to protect one of America’s most vital waterways from the impacts of climate change and environmental stressors.

November 19, 2024



Environmental activists have raised concerns over the fossil fuel sector’s significant impact on COP29, the latest United Nations Climate Change Conference. Activists argue that the industry’s presence diverts focus from critical climate actions.



The conference, designed to promote global climate agreements, faces criticism for allowing fossil fuel companies to participate extensively. Environmental groups claim these companies undermine efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.



According to Climate Action Network, fossil fuel representatives have increased their lobbying activities, aiming to weaken climate policies. These industries allegedly influence negotiations, leading to watered-down commitments that fail to address the urgency of climate change effectively.



Experts suggest that the influence of these companies stems from financial contributions and longstanding relationships with decision-makers. Critics argue that this affects the conference’s ability to enforce meaningful climate change regulations.



During the event, several protests highlighted the need for transparency and a stronger focus on sustainable energy solutions. Activists are calling for increased participation of renewable energy stakeholders in future conferences.



The controversy surrounding fossil fuel involvement at COP29 underscores the ongoing challenge of balancing industrial interests with the global imperative to combat climate change.



November 19, 2024