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Exploring the Complex Ecology of Cemeteries

Cemeteries are paradoxical spaces: they offer refuge for wildlife but can also contribute to environmental pollution.
Long-earned Owl perched atop a cross-shaped tombstone in a cemetery blanketed in snow.

Burial Grounds: Havens for Wildlife and Sources of Pollution

Long-earned Owl perched atop a cross-shaped tombstone in a cemetery blanketed in snow.

Long-eared owl perched atop a tombstone in a Minnesota cemetery. | Photo by Stan Tekiela/Getty Images

When biologist Yuval Itescu moved from Israel to Germany, he discovered a unique aspect of his new environment: Berlin’s urban cemeteries. During his walks, he observed a rich variety of wildlife, including birds, squirrels, and foxes. This led him to explore biodiversity in cemeteries, a topic that merges ecological and human dimensions, yet remains under-researched.

Cemeteries present a paradox in the Western world. They are seen as tranquil spaces for reflection but are often associated with death and fear. For wildlife, cemeteries offer both refuge and danger. Itescu, alongside Jonathan Jeschke from the Freie Universität Berlin, published a study comparing cemetery biodiversity with urban parks and gardens. Their research showed cemeteries host more native species, offering crucial habitats for endangered species, including orchids.

The rural cemetery concept, with its park-like landscaping, is about 150 years old. Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts exemplifies this design. It employs an ecologist, Paul Kwiatkowski, who initiated conservation efforts improving water quality and habitat management, drawing national research interest.

Mount Hope Cemetery in Rochester, New York, also enhances biodiversity. Managed by the Friends of Mount Hope, it maintains its natural habitat while offering educational opportunities. Originally a woodland, it now serves as an urban wildlife sanctuary.

Globally, cemeteries are increasingly recognized for their ecological roles. A new beetle species was discovered in Brooklyn’s Green-Wood Cemetery, and research in Illinois found cemeteries hosted significantly more woodpecker habitats than parks. In Turkey, cemeteries help reduce urban heat through tree preservation. In Britain, church graveyards protect rare yew trees.

However, cemeteries can also contribute to pollution. The Green Burial Council notes that the U.S. uses millions of gallons of embalming fluid annually, containing harmful chemicals. Coffins contribute to environmental degradation through the use of wood, concrete, and metals.

Embalming, a practice popularized during the Civil War, presents significant environmental risks, especially to groundwater. Yet, these practices can be altered. “Green burials,” which minimize chemical use and utilize biodegradable materials, are gaining popularity and affordability, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative.

More stories about:

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Original Story at www.sierraclub.org

Trending News

COP29 Ends Amidst Criticism Over Loopholes and Disunity


The United Nations’ 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) concluded with widespread criticism over perceived loopholes and a lack of unity among participating nations. Environmental experts and activists expressed concerns that the agreements reached may be insufficient to address the escalating climate crisis.



Despite initial optimism, the conference, held in Bonn, Germany, was marked by intense debates and disagreements. Key issues included carbon emission reduction targets and financial commitments to developing countries. Many attendees felt these discussions fell short of meaningful progress. Learn more about the UN’s climate change efforts here.



A significant point of contention was the establishment of clear guidelines for monitoring and reporting emissions. Critics argue that the absence of stringent measures allows countries to exploit loopholes, undermining global efforts to curb climate change. The lack of consensus on this issue highlights the challenges in achieving cohesive international action.



Some developing nations voiced frustration over inadequate financial support from wealthier countries, which they argue is essential for implementing sustainable practices and mitigating climate impacts. This financial gap remains a major obstacle, fueling discontent and hampering collaborative efforts. Explore the Green Climate Fund’s role in supporting climate action.



Meanwhile, environmental groups emphasized the need for immediate and robust action, warning that delays could have catastrophic implications. They called for greater transparency and accountability in future agreements, urging nations to prioritize the planet’s health over economic interests.



As COP29 ends, the international community faces the challenge of bridging divides and enhancing cooperation to effectively combat climate change. Stakeholders are now looking ahead to future conferences, hoping for more decisive action and unity.

November 22, 2024

Mississippi River Faces Persistent Saltwater Intrusion, Region Seeks Long-Term Solutions



For the third consecutive year, the Mississippi River is experiencing significant saltwater intrusion, prompting local communities and environmental experts to search for sustainable solutions. This recurring issue arises as the river’s flow decreases, allowing saltwater to move upstream and threaten drinking water supplies. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is actively involved in addressing this problem, employing temporary measures like saltwater barriers to mitigate the impact on affected areas.



Saltwater infiltration poses serious risks to public health and agriculture, as freshwater sources become compromised. The situation is exacerbated by prolonged periods of drought, which have reduced freshwater flow in the Mississippi River. According to the National Weather Service, drought conditions have worsened due to climate change, increasing the frequency and severity of saltwater intrusion events.



Local authorities are collaborating with federal agencies to explore permanent solutions. Among the proposed strategies are enhanced levee systems and improved water management techniques. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is evaluating the feasibility of long-term infrastructure projects to prevent further saltwater encroachment. Additionally, community leaders are advocating for increased funding to support these initiatives and safeguard the region’s water resources.



The impact of saltwater intrusion extends beyond drinking water concerns, affecting local ecosystems and agricultural productivity. Farmers in the region have reported crop damage due to elevated salinity levels in irrigation water. The Natural Resources Conservation Service is working with farmers to implement adaptive practices, such as planting salt-tolerant crops and improving soil management techniques.



As the Mississippi River continues to face challenges from saltwater intrusion, stakeholders emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and innovative solutions. The ongoing threat underscores the need for comprehensive planning and investment to protect one of America’s most vital waterways from the impacts of climate change and environmental stressors.

November 19, 2024



Environmental activists have raised concerns over the fossil fuel sector’s significant impact on COP29, the latest United Nations Climate Change Conference. Activists argue that the industry’s presence diverts focus from critical climate actions.



The conference, designed to promote global climate agreements, faces criticism for allowing fossil fuel companies to participate extensively. Environmental groups claim these companies undermine efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.



According to Climate Action Network, fossil fuel representatives have increased their lobbying activities, aiming to weaken climate policies. These industries allegedly influence negotiations, leading to watered-down commitments that fail to address the urgency of climate change effectively.



Experts suggest that the influence of these companies stems from financial contributions and longstanding relationships with decision-makers. Critics argue that this affects the conference’s ability to enforce meaningful climate change regulations.



During the event, several protests highlighted the need for transparency and a stronger focus on sustainable energy solutions. Activists are calling for increased participation of renewable energy stakeholders in future conferences.



The controversy surrounding fossil fuel involvement at COP29 underscores the ongoing challenge of balancing industrial interests with the global imperative to combat climate change.



November 19, 2024